CV of Gary Ruvkun

Major Research Interests
Neuroendocrine control of metabolism and aging; temporal patterning during development, regulatory RNAs, genomics, molting, fat, life on Mars.

Bibliography

Original Reports
1. Ruvkun G., Ausubel F.M. 1980. Interspecies homology of nitrogenase genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 191-195.

2. Ruvkun G., Ausubel F.M. 1981. A general method for site-directed mutagenesis in prokaryotes. Nature 289: 85-88.

3. Ruvkun G., Long, S.R., Meade, H.M., Ausubel, F.M. 1981. Molecular genetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology 45: 492-500.

4. Meade H.M., Long S.R., Ruvkun G., Brown S.E., Ausubel F.M. 1982. Physical and genetic characterization of symbiotic and auxotrophic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti induced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 149: 114-122.

5. Ruvkun G., Sundaresan V., Ausubel F.M. 1982. Specific protection of nucleotides in the lac operator from dimethyl sulfate (DMS) methylation of DNase I nicking by crude bacterial extracts. Gene 18: 245-255.

6. Ruvkun G., Sundaresan V., Ausubel F.M. 1982. Directed transposon Tn5 mutagenesis and complementation analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti symbiotic nitrogen fixation (nif) genes. Cell 29: 551-559.

7. Ruvkun, G., Long S.R., Meade H.M., van den Bos R.C., Ausubel F.M. 1982. ISRml: a Rhizobium meliloti insertion sequence which preferentially transposes into nitrogen fixation (nif) genes. J Mol Appl Genet 1: 405-418.

8. Meade, H.M., Long, S.R., Ruvkun, G., Brown, S.E., Ausubel, F.M. 1982. Physical and genetic characterization of symbiotic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti induced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. J. Bacteriol 149: 114-122.

9. Finney, M., Ruvkun, G., and Horvitz, H.R. 1988. The Caenorhabditis elegans cell lineage and differentiation gene unc-86 encodes a protein containing a homeodomain and extended similarity to mammalian transcription factors. Cell 55: 757-769.

10. Herr, W., Sturm, R.A., Clerc, R.G., Corcoran, L.M., Baltimore, D., Sharp, P.A., Ingraham, H.A., Rosenfeld, M.G., Finney, M., Ruvkun, G., and Horvitz, H.R. 1988. The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Genes and Development 2: 1513-1516.

11. Ruvkun, G., Ambros, V., Coulson, A., Waterston, R., Sulston, J., and Horvitz, H.R. 1989. Molecular genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene Lin-14. Genetics 121: 501-516.

12. Ruvkun, G. and Giusto, J. 1989. The Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 encodes a nuclear protein that forms a temporal switch during development. Nature 338:313-319.

13. Bürglin, T.R., Finney, M., Coulson, A., and Ruvkun, G. 1989. C. elegans has scores of homeobox genes. Nature 341: 239-243.

14. Ruvkun, G., Gilbert, W., Horvitz, H.R. 1990. Detection of mutations and DNA polymorphisms using whole genome Southern Cross hybridization. Nucleic Acids Research 18: 809-815.

15. Finney, M. and Ruvkun, G. 1990. The unc-86 gene product couples cell lineage and cell identity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell 63: 895-905.

16. Wightman, B., Bürglin, T.R., Gatto, J., Arasu, P., Ruvkun, G. 1991. Negative regulatory sequences in the lin-14 3' untranslated region are necessary to generate a temporal switch during C. elegans development. Genes and Development 5: 1813-1824.

17. Arasu, P., Wightman, B., Ruvkun, G. 1991. Temporal regulation of lin-14 by the antagonistic action of two other heterochronic genes, lin-4 and lin-28. Genes and Development 5: 1825-1833.

18. Ruvkun, G., Wightman, B., Bürglin, T.R., Arasu, P. 1991. Dominant gain of function mutations that lead to misregulation of the C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-14, and the evolutionary implications of dominant mutations in pattern-formation genes. Development (Supplement 1): 47-54.

19. Miller, D., Shen, M., Shamu, C., Bürglin, T., Ruvkun, G., Ghee, M. Dubois, Wilson, L. 1992. The C. elegans unc-4 gene encodes a homeodomain protein that determines the pattern of synaptic input to specific motor neurons. Nature 355: 841-845.

20. Xue, D.M., Finney, M., Ruvkun, G. and Chalfie, M. 1992. Regulation of the mec-3 gene by the C. elegans homeoproteins Unc-86 and Mec-3. EMBO J. 11: 4969-4979.

21. Wightman, B., I. Ha, and Ruvkun, G. 1993. Post-transcriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans. Cell 75: 855-862.

22. Gottlieb, S. and G. Ruvkun. 1994. daf-2, daf-16, daf-23: Interacting genes that control dauer formation in C. elegans. Genetics 137: 107-120.

23. Greenstein, D., Hird, S. Plasterk, R., Andachi, Y., Kohara, Y., Wang, B., Finney, M., and G. Ruvkun 1994. Targeted mutations in the C. elegans POU-homeobox gene ceh-18 cause defects in oocyte cell cycle arrest, gonad migration, and epidermal differentiation. Genes and Development 8: 1935-1948.

24. Baumeister, R., Liu, Y., and G. Ruvkun. 1996. Lineage specific regulators couple cell lineage asymmetry to the transcription of the Caenorhabditis elegans POU gene unc-86 during neurogenesis. Genes & Development 10: 1395-1410.

25. Morris, J.Z., Tissenbaum, H.A. and G. Ruvkun. 1996. A phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase family member regulating longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 382: 536-538.

26. Barnes, T.M., Jin, Y., Horvitz, H.R., Ruvkun, G., and S. Hekimi. 1996. The C. elegans behavioral gene unc-24 encodes a novel bipartite protein similar to both erythrocyte band 7.2 (stomatin) and non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). J. of Neurochemistry 67: 46-57.

27. Ha, I., Wightman, B. and G. Ruvkun. 1996. A bulged lin-4/lin-14 RNA duplex is sufficient for Caenorhabditis elegans Lin-14 temportal gradient formation. Genes & Development 10: 3041-3050.

28. Sze, J.Y., Liu, Y. and G. Ruvkun. 1997. VP16-activation of the C. elegans neural specification transcription factor UNC-86 suppresses mutations in downstream genes and causes defects in neural migration and axon outgrowth. Development 124: 1159-1168.

29. Sluder, A. E., Lindblom, T. and G. Ruvkun. 1997. An early patterning function for the C. elegans nuclear hormone receptor gene nhr-2. Developmental Biology 184: 303-319.

30. Hobert , O., Mori, I., Yamashita, Y., Honda, H., Ohshima, Y., Liu, Y. and G. Ruvkun. 1997. Regulation of interneuron function in the C. elegans thermoregulatory pathway by the ttx-3 LIM homeobox gene. Neuron 19: 345-357.

31. Patterson, G. I., Koweek, A., Wong, A., Liu, Y., and G. Ruvkun, 1997. The DAF-3 Smad protein antagonizes TGF-_-related receptor signalling in the C. elegans dauer pathway. Genes and Devel. 11, 2679-2690.

32. Kimura, K.D., Tissenbaum, H.A., Liu, Y. and G. Ruvkun. 1997. daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in C. elegans. Science 277: 942-946.

33. Ogg, S., Paradis, S. , Gottlieb, S., Patterson, G.I., Lee, L., Tissenbaum, H.A., and G. Ruvkun 1997. The DAF-16 Fork head-related transcription factor transduces C. elegans insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals. Nature 389: 994-999.

34. Tissenbaum, H.A. and G. Ruvkun. 1998. An insulin-like signaling pathway affects both longevity and reproduction in C. elegans. Genetics 148: 703-717.

35. Hobert, O., Liu, Y., D’Alberti, T., and G Ruvkun. 1998. Control of neural development and function in a thermoregulatory circuit by the LIM homeobox gene lin-11. J. Neuroscience 18: 2084-2096.

36. Paradis, S. and G. Ruvkun 1998. Caenorhabditis elegans Akt/PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3 kinase to the DAF-16 transcription factor. Genes and Devel. 12:2488-98.

37. Ruvkun, G. and O. Hobert. 1998. The taxonomy of developmental control in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 282:2033-41.

38. Ogg, S. and G. Ruvkun 1998. The C. elegans PTEN homolog daf-18 acts in the insulin receptor-like metabolic signaling pathway. Mol Cell 2: 887-93

39. Hobert, O., Moerman DG, Clark KA, Beckerle MC, and G. Ruvkun 1999. A conserved LIM protein that affects muscular adherens junction integrity and mechanosensory function in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol 144: 45-57.

40. Hobert O, Tessmar K and G. Ruvkun 1999. The C. elegans lim-6 LIM homeobox gene regulates neurite outgrowth and function of particular GABAergic neurons. Development 126, 1547-1562

41. Paradis, S., Ailion, M., Toker A, Thomas, J.H., and G. Ruvkun. 1999. A PDK1 homolog is Necessary and Sufficient to Transduce AGE-1 PI3 Kinase Signals that Regulate Diapause in C. elegans Genes and Development 13: 1438-1452.

42. Sagasti, A, Hobert O, Troemel ER, Ruvkun G, Bargmann CI. 1999. Alternative olfactory neuron fates are specified by the LIM homeobox gene lim-4. Genes Dev 13: 1794-80

43. Tissenbaum, H.A. Hawdon, J., Perregaux, M. , Hotez, P., Guarente, L., and G. Ruvkun. 2000. A common muscarinic pathway for diapause recovery in the distantly related nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans and Ancylostoma caninum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 460-465.

44. Sze, J.Y., Victor, M., Loer, C., Shi, Y., and G. Ruvkun 2000. Food and metabolic signaling defects in a C. elegans serotonin null mutant, Nature, 403: 560-4.

45. Reinhart, B.J., Slack, F.A., Basson, M., Pasquinelli, A.E., Bettinger, J.C., Rougvie, A.C., Horvitz, H.R., and G. Ruvkun. 2000. The 21 nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates C. elegans developmental timing. Nature, 403: 901 - 906.

46. Slack, FJ, Basson, M., Liu, Z., Ambros, V., Horvitz, H.R., and G. Ruvkun. 2000. The lin-41 RBCC gene acts in the C. elegans heterochronic pathway between the let-7 regulatory RNA and the lin-29 transcription factor. 2000. Mol. Cell 5: 659-69.

47. Kagoshima, H, Sommer, R., Reinhart, B. , Ruvkun, G., Cassata, G., and T. R. Bürglin. 2000. A graded hypodermal expression of ceh-14 induced by a gonadal signal. Development Genes and Evolution 210:564-569.

48. Nasrin, N., Ogg, S., Cahill, C., Biggs, W., Nui, S., Dore, J., Calvo, D., Shi, Y., Ruvkun, G., and M. Alexander-Bridges. DAF-16 recruits the CBP co activator to the IGFBP-1 promoter in HepG2 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97:10412-7.

49. Pasquinelli, A., Reinhart, B., Slack F. , Maller, B., Kuroda, M., Martindale, M., Srinivasan, A., Fishman, M., Hayward. D., Ball. E., Degnan, B., Müller, P. , Spring, J., Finnerty, J., Corbo, J., Levine, M., Leahy, P. , Davidson, E., and G. Ruvkun 2000. Conservation across animal phylogeny of the sequence and temporal expression of the 21 nucleotide let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Nature 408: 86-89.

50. Wolkow, C.A., Kimura, K.D. , Lee, M. and G. Ruvkun. 2000. C. elegans lifespan is regulated by insulin-like signaling in the nervous system. Science 290:147-50.

51. Cahill, C.M., Tzivion, G., Nasrin, N., Ogg, S., Dore, J., Ruvkun, G., and M. Alexander-Bridges. PI-3 kinase signaling inhibits DAF-16 DNA binding and function via 14-3-3 dependent and independent pathways, J. Biol. Chem., 276: 13402-10.

52. Reinhart, B.J. and G. Ruvkun. 2001. Isoform-specific mutations in the Caenorhabitis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 affect stage-specific patterning. Genetics 157:199-209.

53. Bürglin, T.R. and G. Ruvkun 2001. Regulation of ectodermal and excretory cell function by the C. elegans POU homeobox gene ceh-6 Development 128:779-790.

54. Pierce, S.B., Costa, M., Wisotzkey, R. , Devadhar, S., Homburger, S.A., Buchman, A.R., Ferguson, K.C., Heller, J., Platt, D.M. , Liu, L.X. , Pasquinelli, A.E., Doberstein, S.K. , G. Ruvkun. 2001. Regulation of DAF-2 receptor signaling by human insulin and ins-1, a member of the unusually large and diverse C. elegans insulin gene family. Genes and Development 15: 672-686.

55. Grishok, A., Pasquinelli, A.E., Conte, D., Li, N., Parrish, S., Ha, I., Baillie, D.L., Fire, A., Ruvkun, G., and Mello, C.C. 2001. Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control Caenorhabditis elegans developmental timing. Cell 106: 23-34.

56. Lee, R.Y.N., Hench, J., and G. Ruvkun. 2001. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation on C. elegans insulin-regulated aging gene daf-16, Current Biology, in review.

57. Sze, J.Y., Li, J., and G. Ruvkun. 2001 The C elegans POU-domain transcription factor UNC-86 regulates serotonin synthesis but not serotonin reuptake. Developmental Biology, in preparation.

58. Aspöck, G, Ruvkun, G,, and T. R. Bürglin, 2001. The ems class homeobox gene ceh-2 functions in pharynx motorneurons. Developmental Cell, in preparation.

59. Sze, J.Y. and G. Ruvkun. 2001. Olfactory hypersensitivity and hyperadaptation in C. elegans caused by activation of the UNC-86 POU transcription factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , in preparation.

60. Kimura, K.D., Riddle, D., and G. Ruvkun. 2001. Feeding regulation of C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like receptor expression in the nervous system. In preparation.


Reviews and commentary from the lab
1. Bürglin, T.R. 1988. The yeast regulatory gene pho2 encodes a homeobox. Cell 53: 339-340.

2. Finney, M. 1990. The homeodomain of the transcription factor LF-BETA1 has a 21 amino acid loop between helix 2 and helix 3. Cell 60: 5-6.

3. Bürglin, T.R. 1991. The TEA domain: a novel, highly conserved DNA binding motif. Cell 66: 11-12.

4. Ruvkun, G. and Finney, M. 1991 Regulation of transcription and cell identity by POU domain proteins. Cell 64: 475-478.

5. Bürglin, T.R., Ruvkun, G., Coulson, A., Hawkins, N., McGhee, J., Schaller, D., Wittmann, C., Müller, F., and Waterston, R. 1991. A nematode homeobox cluster. Nature 351: 703.

6. Barnes, T.M. and Bürglin, T.R. 1991. Prune function? Nature 355: 504-505.

7. Bürglin, T.R. and Barnes, T.M. Introns in sequence tags. Nature 1992; 357: 367.

8. Ruvkun, G. 1992. A molecular growth industry Nature 360: 711-712.

9. Bürglin, T.R. and Ruvkun, G. 1992. New motif in PBX genes. Nature Genet 1: 319-320.

10. Ruvkun, G. Generation of temporal and cell lineage asymmetry during C. elegans development. In Molecular Genetics of Development, Springer Verlag, Berlin. 1992.

11. Bürglin, T. and G. Ruvkun. 1993. The Caenorhabditis elegans homeobox cluster. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 3: 615-620.

12. Bürglin, T.R. 1993. A Caenorhabditis elegans prospero homologue defines a novel domain. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 19: 70-71.

13. Bürglin, T.R. 1994 A comprehensive classification of homeobox genes. In: Duboule, D. ed. Guidebook to the Homeobox Genes, p. 25-72.

14. Gehring, W. Affolter, M, and T. R. Bürglin. 1994. Homeodomain proteins. Ann Rev Biochem 63: 487-526

15. Ruvkun, G. Patterning the C. elegans neuroectoderm. In The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 1996, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, p. 543-581.

16. Slack, F. and G. Ruvkun. 1998. Temporal pattern formation by heterochronic genes. Annual Review of Genetics 31: 611-634.

17. Guarente L, Ruvkun G, Amasino R 1998. Aging, life span, and senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:11034-6

18. Hobert O. and G. Ruvkun 1998, A common theme for LIM homeobox gene function across phylogeny? Biol Bull 195:377-80

19. Slack F. and G. Ruvkun 1998 Heterochronic genes in development and evolution. Biol Bull 195:375-6.

20. Slack F. and G . Ruvkun 1998. A novel repeat domain that is often associated with RING finger and B-box motifs. Trends Biochem Sci 23:474-5.

21. Hobert O. and G. Ruvkun 1999. Pax genes in C. elegans : a new twist. Trends Genet 15: 214-216.

22. Davidson E.H. and G. Ruvkun 1999. Themes from a NASA workshop on gene regulatory processes in development and evolution. J Exp Zool 285: 104-15.

23. Finch, C.E. and G. Ruvkun. 2001. The Genetics of Aging. Ann. Rev. Genomics and Human Genetics, in press.

Patents
1. Issued 5/1/2001 US Patent # 6,225,120 Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tools for Impaired Glucose Tolerance Conditions.
2. Pending US Patent, AGE-1 polypeptides and related molecules and methods.

Research support
5R01GM44619-08 Control of C. elegans lineage by heterochronic genes
R01AG14161-04 Inositol signaling in C. elegans senescence and diapause
1R01AG16636-01 Genetic and molecular basis of longevity
An RO1 sized grant from the Ellison Foundation for aging research.
Postdoctoral fellowships from the Leukemia Society, NIH, Damon Runyon, Helen Hay Whitney, MGH Fund for Medical Discovery, Jane Coffin Childs Foundation.

Teaching
Harvard Medical School
Fall 1986 Genetics 208 Introduction to Genetic Systems (with Ausubel and Brent). 6 lectures and discussions. 20 students.
Fall 1987 Genetics 208 Introduction to Genetic Systems (with Ausubel and Brent). 6 lectures and discussions. 17 students.
Spring 1987 Biochemistry 206r Developmental Genetics. A reading and discussion course that read Darwin's The Origin of the Species and modern related population genetic work. 11 lectures and discussion sections. 11 graduate students.
Spring 1989 Genetics 208 Control of Cell Identity (with Brent, Perrimon, and Moore). 8 lectures and discussion sections. 21 students
Spring 1990 Genetics 205 Control of Cell Identity (with Brent, Perrimon, and Moore). 6 lectures and discussion sections. 18 students.
Fall 1991 Genetics 217 Neurogenetics. 12 discussion sections. 5 students.
Spring 1991 Genetics 205 Genetics of Cell Specification (with Brent, Perrimon, and Moore). 8 lectures and discussion sections. 15 students.
Fall 1992 Genetics 205b Metazoan Development (with Ruderman, Tabin, Cepko, and Brent). 6 lectures and discussion sections. 23 students.
Spring 1993 Genetics 206 Genes and Development (with Perrimon and Perkins). 8 lectures and discussion sections. 13 students.
Fall 1994 Genetics 217 Neurogenetics. 12 discussion sections. 3 students.
Spring 1995 Genetics 206 Genes and Development (with Perrimon and Perkins). 7 lectures and discussions. 13 students.
Spring 1996 Genetics 206 Genes and Development (with Perrimon and Perkins). 6 lectures and discussions.
Fall 1996 Genetics 217 Neurogenetics. 12 discussion sections. 7 students.
Fall 1997 Genetics 201 Introduction to Genetics. 6 lectures. 75 students.
Spring 2000. Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology 207 Molecular Approaches to Drug Action, Discovery, and Design (organized by Donald Coen). 1 discussion section. 12 students.

Committee Assignments
Harvard Medical School
1990 - 1993 Tridepartment Admissions Committee
1993 - 2001 Executive Committee, Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences
1993 - 1994 Chair of the BBS Retreat Committee
1995 - present Chair of BBS Community Outreach Program

Massachusetts General Hospital
1987 - present Head of Seminar Committee, Dept. of Molecular Biology
1989 - 1992 Member, Subcommittee on Review of Research Proposals
1995 - 1998 Member, Committee on Research

Other Professional Activities
2000 Co-chair, FASEB Transcription meeting
1999 Organizer, Frontiers of Science meeting, National Academy of Sciences
1999 - present Editor, Development
1997 Organizer, International C. elegans meeting
1995 - present Editor, Developmental Biology
1992 - 1997 Member, NIH Genetics Study Section, National Institutes of Health
1999 - present Scientific Advisory Board, Devgen SA, Belgium
2001 - present Scientific Advisory Board, Damon Runyon Walter Winchell Cancer Fund

Invited Presentations 1999 to 2001
1999 Vanderbilt Dept of Cell Biology
1999 University of Washington Frontiers of Medicine symposium
1999 University of Utah Genetics Dept retreat speaker
1999 Brown Univ Aging Symposium
1999 Univ Wisconsin Frontiers of Genomics
1999 US Army Hibernation meeting
1999 Univ of Pennsylvania Dept of Genetics
1999 Developmental Biology Gordon Conference
1999 Hormone Action Gordon Conference
1999 Amgen Symposium, Toronto
1999 NAS Frontiers of Science, Genome session
1999 Baylor School of Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry
2000 Univ of Arizona, Dept of Genetics
2000 UCLA, Molecular Biology Institute
2000 Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna
2000 Keynote, Banff Developmental biology meeting
2000 Columbia Univ Dept Biology
2000 Harvard BCMP, Cell Biology
2000 Museum of Science, Boston
2000 Univ. Texas Southwestern , Dept of Pharmacology
2000 Endocrinology Grand Rounds, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston
2000 Life Detection Workshop, National Research Council
2000 FASEB summer conference on Transcription
2000 Santa Cruz Developmental Biology meeting
2000 Gordon Research Conferences on Peptide Growth Factors, Cancer, and Second Messengers
2000 Nobel Foundation Symposium on Complex Genetics, Stockholm
2000 University of Massachusetts Amherst
2000 Johns Hopkins Univ. Dept of Molecular Biology and Genetics
2000 NASA Instrumentation for Martian Return Sample Workshop, Airlie Va.
2000 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston
2000 Symposium on Aging, Toronto
2000 Lunenfeld Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto
2001 Caltech Biology Department
2001 Columbia University, Endocrinology Grand Rounds
2001 UC San Diego Biotechnology and Medicine Conference
2001 NASA Mars Scout Instrumentation meeting, JPL, Pasadena
2001 Council of Visitors, MBL, Woods Hole
2001 Metamorphosis Gordon Research Conference
2001 CapCure Prostate Cancer Symposium, Boston

Scheduled:
2001 Spetses Signal Transduction Course, Greece
2001 Sloan Kettering President's Lecture Series
2001 Ellison Aging Course, MBL, Woods Hole
2001 Northwestern University, Distinguished Faculty Lecture
2001 Princeton University
2001 Foundation Ipsen, Paris Conference on Longevity and the brain.
2001 International Nephrology meeting
2001 Russell Memorial Lecture, Univ of Pittsburgh
2001 Keystone Symposium, Joint Session, Adipogenesis/Diabetes
2001 Duke University Biology Dept.
2001 Univ of Connecticut
2001 UCSF Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2001 Genentech
2001 University of Oregon
2001 University of Washington Dept of Genetics